Circular Architecture at the City Scale: Moving from individual materials to urban systems, the Danish city of Kalundborg serves as the premier model for Industrial Symbiosis. This is not just an economic scheme but a social and environmental one.
How it Works:
- Mutual Resource Sharing: The city links nine public and private entities where the “waste” of one company becomes the “resource” of another.
- Integrated Flows: This includes the exchange of steam, heat, water, and various by-products (like gypsum or fly ash).
- Benefits:
- Citizens: Enjoy local jobs, higher salaries, and a healthier environment.
- Municipalities: Reduce waste management costs and transport emissions.
- Companies: Access cheap local resources and fulfill Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) goals.